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She is also well-skilled in the Drapery-part, and puts on Hoods and mixes Ribbons so as to suit the Colours of the Face with great Art and Success. This Day is publish'd An Essay on Criticism.
Printed for W. Osborn, in Gray's Inn near the Walks; T. Graves, in St. James's Street; and T. Morphew, near Stationers-Hall. Price 1s. Saturday, March 24, 1. Dorinda of nothing afraid, She's sprightly and gay, a valiant Maid, And as bright as the Day. Tuesday, March 27, 1. That's his sign. And here's now mystery and hieroglyphic. I am happy. I use the laptop for playing music at the cottage I frequent a number of times through the summer. I must say, this is really an improvement.
I run an Altec A7 bi-amplified horn system with single ended triode amplifiers. It is extremely revealing. Solo voice is an extreme test. Your software made an improvement that is startling. I will move on to your best software package shortly.
Only after i run fidelizer free for the first time i realized how tired the sound made me. I was wondering in what other dimensions software could possibly make further improvement to SQ, then i got surprised again mainly because i was expecting something else. Hello My fidelizer Pro Works perfectly. The sound is wonderfull of naturel. Thank you very very much for this program.
I use Fidelizer 7. This gives a very natural analog sound. Fidelizer Pro works great for me. In the first place, I do not want to fiddle with computer settings and this product is easy to use.
Tested it in my office free version and in my main system and the improvement in SQ was obvious in both. I heard improved separation between instruments, a blacker background, and deeper bass rendition. Listened to the Pro version of the software over the weekend.
Thanks for the software that provides the finishing touch. Please accept my gratitude and delight! Your product is great! I again listen to my collection of audio recordings and it is a delight! I wish You great success and new developments! Vitaly Kanischev. Awesome awesome awesome!!! No more annoying drop outs during playback. Music files are on a NAS. The improvements are everywhere.
In a few words I would call it more crisp, clear, and transparent. And the upshot is that a fidelized W10 now sounds better than W server. This makes my life easier. Fidelizer has definitely made my system sound much more three-dimensional.
Hi Again Dear Keetakawee, I need to say is an honor to say is Amazing Huge Lovely terrific improve when use Fidelizer Plus and really my jaw take the floor, really need to ask you if the pro improve over Plus. Thanks for your help to down load my software, really thanks a lot. My view is that, besides the main components and interconnects that impart most of the sound characteristics, small tweaks in which I include power cords, power conditioners, etc.
Thanks for the update. I love your program. It has been perfect for my server. What a great idea to maximize the value of what one wants to do with Windows. I listened attentively to my standard comparison recordings for several hours with another Fidelizer owner and we both saw improvements. It seems to make good work! More air and sweetness. The sound level seems to be lower than before, but i think this is in my mind, because of the softer sound.
Similarly as before, the SQ has gained in the volume and quality of bass, better separation of instruments, clarity and depth. Thanks a lot. Best Regards. Fidelizer is great. The dynamics and musicality have improved significantly. Especially combined with Process Lasso. Thanks for the good work. Thank you brother the sound was very good. Great, thank you. It is unbelieveable how moch better Server sounds. Especially orchestral music. I received your product, installed it and everything worked fine.
I use it on a small Zotac nano — actually the first one they put out about five years ago. The listening experience is phantastic, especially DSD records shine with a deep sound stage and a precise stereo resolution that I have never heard before. I installed Fidelizer Pro without problems. I am very satisfied with the sound. DAC: Altmann with batterie P. Media player with no network. Media Player is mostly Jplay, sometimes Foobar. Some people tell win10 is the way to go, some people tell win10 sounds bad.
Should I upgrad from win7 to win10? Thanks so much for developing this amazing product! Very much appreciated? I really like and trust your software concept. It makes a whole lot of sense. Nothing special but it sounds great for me. Thank you for your product, which is working wonders indeed. Will have some questiones soon. Thank you very much again for now.
I am running fidelizer plus in win server along with AO optimizer and the final result exceeded my expectations! Fidelizer plus gave to my system a vivid and truthful character, more volume and weight in the lower end, highs without grain, more air and space among the instruments and above all a little touch to transform the bit perfect play back to a highly emotional experience! Thank you for all these… In case I want to upgrade to pro, do I have to generate a new key or will I use the same??
Everything is working thank you. Is it my imagination or does the digital now sounds more analog like! Again thank you, I just listen to music on headphones, super sound with your program. I had to email you to say a big thanks after spending a few hours listening with only Fidelizer pro on the Audio PC it is without doubt he best my music setup has sounded.
The sound heard now is more and very realistic, I could settle for this sound now? I have had the best listening experience ever with my system. This month I expect Audio Phil will release 2.
But all my friends tell me either get the Fidelizer Pro or the Audiophile Optimizer. The music is so enjoyable that it demands your complete attention with no distractions. While I really enjoyed your free Fidelizer purist mode, the Fidelizer Pro Purist mode is a completely different beast. I can go to the other side of the house and the clarity gains in the music are still quite evident.
But the PLUS! It makes me enjoy the music for itself, never mind the audiophile thing. After downloading the file, I immediately installed it on my audio PC, part of my dual PC audio system. It has worked miraculously and I have found the sound quality of my music system improved drastically. It is far beyond what I expected. Since I started my endeavor of PC-based audiophile journey, I have now come to its near perfection.
Thanks to your state of the art product, I have obtained the most precious sound reproducing system I have ever imagined with such as a low budget. But… you know, human desire is never ending. Now I feel my craving for even higher level of perfection welling up in me. Sounds really good streaming over Tidal HiFi. I was skeptical, but it is definitely an improvement; smoother, more transparent and analog sounding. Congratulations on your work. Hi, thanks a lot for your hard work! The results are pretty impressive!
With much appreciation,Igor. Included Nelly FurtadoThe Ride Tap Dancing and not learned a thing appeared pensive beautiful floating bass in chorus. I cried when I first heard it. This is so close to LP fidelity.
Just amazing! Many thanks, everything works much better, now I can enjoy the music without worrying, everything is in place and the H. Sound analog. You are a genius, thank you very much again. Thanks Keetakawee, fidelizer works again, great as always-i missed it a lot these few days! It sounds great! Been listening for a few hours now. Thanks for also putting up with me doing things backwards.
After installing Fidelizer Pro on my system, I was pleasantly surprised. Before installing it, there was no way to achieve that without interruption. Thank you Keetakawee! I think it is an essential software for PC audio, and one of the most cost-effective investment. I run my tested and I can approve that it all sounds great and the upgrade from the free version is much noted.
Sounds Amazing on my htpc output spdif to my Marantz pre-pro from my Sound blaster x-Fi fatality pro, made a big diffence is the details. Thanks you so much for the product and thank you ahead of time for listening to my questions.
I am simply not able to accomplish my usual listening tests because whatever I am listening to, I keep not wanting to change that song, just keep listening to it.
The clarity and presence is so prominent even with my Genius PC speakers. Next weekend I am going to the countryside where my real audiophile system is in an acoustically treated listening room. I can hardly wait.
Thanks a lot and congratulations for your product, it deserves the highest rankings. Hello Keetakawee, tried out Fidelizer Pro the last hours in Purist mode. Realy fine music reproduction. The best I heard ever on my system. Read in the last 2 years many positiv Reviews and they described all changes in audiophile way very well.
I can verify everything. Now I will advise my brother to buy Fildelizer also, because I had made him the same Audiocomputer like me. Alt last here is my Computer-Hifi-System. If you have any more recommendations to tune my system I will be very pleased. Hi, It works very well. ASIO, loading decoded file into memory. PCM up to without changes.
All music some tracks and video stored on either of three NAS in local wired network. I also play vinyls but that is another story. Hello there! Thanks for your work. This small software is really great! The most I like in pro version is autorun on Windows startup. Everything works fine: no lags or hardware conflicts or any other issues.
Very great Fidelizer Plus.. I have compared my system with and without fidelizer. I note that there seems to be a more three dimensional image, cleaner, and correct me if I am wrong: Almost seems like I can turn the vomume down and still hear the details. Maybe it is a lack of noise. Thank you for a great software. Hope it will impact more on sound quality. Thank you and keep on good work! I have no idea how effective competing software offerings are, but your Fidelizer Pro software program is seriously effective and whose improvements are patently real.
I mean, enjoyably real improvements that are not subtle at all. With the free version of Fidelizer, there were noticeable improvements though mostly subtle in nature. The improvements with JRiver were quite enjoyable. Listening to Tidal, however, was not quite as involving.
Performance parameters such as transient response, dynamic impact and musical involvement felt slightly uninvolving. After upgrading to Fidelizer Pro, now listening to Tidal has become quite enjoyable. Now, instead of sounding soft, Tidal sounds satisfyingly dynamic, impactful, and possessing life-like transient detail.
JRiver is noticeably more involving and performing at a level I did not think it could reach. Music from Tidal and JRiver are so much closer to sounding like my CDs being played on a high-end transport, like on a CEC or Esoteric, that I find my listening sessions to last much longer.
My fellow audiophile friends have also been keen to pick up on these improvements. A lower noise floor, noticeable increase in focus and soundstaging, and a warmer, less analytical presentation. A bargain for the cost of Fidelizer PRO! Purist setting used and machine configuration: Audio Render. Thanks, Keetakawee — I was able to successfully update to the Fidelizer Pro.
The music is really sounding amazing, thanks very much. Everything is working great so far and sounds fantastic! Hi Just thought I would drop a email and say a big thank you for Fidelizer Pro. I had used the Free Version of Fidelizer, and l can happily report than Fidelizer Pro gives a further gain in performance. Put simply, this is the best set up, l have had period. Thank you for the new version. I am really impressed with the difference in sound while using Fidelizer. Thank you very much, the music took on detail and cleanliness.
Played by Win 8. I regard good job. I bought the Fidelizer software recently and have to say it definitely makes a difference. I also found Keetakawee very helpful when I was setting it up. All questions were answered very promptly.
I am really loving your software. I really made my system sound alive. Thanks for the file. Great Sound!!! After a few days of listening to my new configuration, I am happy to inform you that Fidelizer Pro is doing a very good job at optimizing stuff. The sound quality improvement is more than subtle. Phellipe Wattel, the CEO and creator of the software Musichi suite introduced me to your program during High-End Show held in Athens two months ago and I am very pleased and happy with his suggestion.
Thanks for a great product! Tx Man, Difference is night and day. Many believe what happens to the stream before the microRendu is purified by going through the microRendu itself. Thus the theory there is no need for upgraded computers or software to optimize your computer such as WSY2K12v2, AudiophileOptimizer, Fidelizer, etc.
As for software optimizations, the Sonore microRendu and Ultracap LPS-1 easily resolve and reveal the improvements they bring to the table. More blackness, better spatial cues, better defined bass, a significant improvement in every audiophile term.
Fidelizer Trial version really makes quite a difference by itself. Fidelizer Trial improves the musicality of your system. In simple terms, the use of Fidelizer Pro is mesmerizing. Instruments and vocals appear out of a black space. The soundstage extends beyond the perimeter of your listening room both front to back and side to side. The author of Fidelizer, Keetakawee, deserves your support for a job well done.
And one more time. The microRendu is a great piece of kit that can be further enhanced across the network by the use of Fidelizer Pro. I purchased Fidelizer two the other day. I like it with high-quality sound very much. Hi, finally is worth the effort, Fidelizer is rewarding, easy to use and also easy to notice the upgrade, when purist is awesome!. Also I am done with Foobar, I have nothing against their app as a remote! Only is need now, to install Asio drivers for video player, but this is for tomorrow.
I thought Fidelizer were more difficult to use, but I was wrong. Thank you for your message. The software upgrade is fantastic! So I have never been able to enjoy music before! Thanks for the support! I spend a lot on new cables and other hardware the past month and what a step forward it was to get your software in use at my pc. Foobar is just working so much better with more details and wider stage. It makes a big improvement to the sound quality. To listen the music without Fidelizer is not good, because I know it from the old PC until he get broken.
Just go throught the system then I uninstall the virus software and disable the windows defense. Then hola it works. And so far the result is ver amazing. Thanks for fast responding. Thank you for sending me the download link for my copy of Fidelizer Pro. The result is pretty spectacular.
Instruments are clearer and more distinctly separated from each other. The words that the singer is singing are clearer. Wider and deeper soundstage 5. Interestingly, the PC seems to run faster. I have been tweaking my Computer Audio setup for a few years. I have been following Fidelizer for the past 2 years in the various forums. Well, if we talk about audio…no.
Excuse me. And in an OB system the effect is at least the double than in a traditional 2way system. I have installed the Fidelitzer Pro, everything functions easily.
Effect with Fidelizer Pro Space picture broader and deeper Resolution is better All together very realistic reproduction. For now is all, keep your good work , for me is ripping time LOL? After I allowed it to do its thing I was blown away. Firstly I would like to say I have been using Fidelizer for some time now and moving into the pro version a short while back.
It does everything you say to major sonic advantage. I run many audio systems both Windows and OS X based in my listening room. Hello, thanks for the update. Look forward installing the new version. I was really surprised about the results using the former one. It sounds better in contradiction to some comparisons to be found in the internet. Thank you for sending a new version of Fidelizer Pro to me. Today I made it sure that this new version software runs correctly in my music PC. Fidelizer brings me a lot of enjoyment in listening to music with its high quality PC optimizations.
Running through a Chord 2qute dac it sounds fantastic but im still to make up my find on wasapi or asio??? Hi, My congratulation for your program. It works fine and the improvements are easily audible: mostly I have found a better bass articulation, more overall transparency, and a better depth of image.
Best regards,. Thank You, Keetakawee, installation was easy — the sound is absolutely great! The laptop is used for audio only. Just wanted to say the pro version takes everything to the next level, really worth the upgrade! Still early days but my impressions so far has been very positive. The software works seamlessly and Windows has been stable so far.
Having said this, in my warm Unison Research S6 and Harbeth P3esr stereo system coupled by Duelund tinned copper DC16Ga speaker cables I felt the Fidelizer added almost too much texture to already rich midrange and mid-base.
Switching to Purist level addressed this adding more air and exposing treble in the sound signature. Thank you for Your helping! It was very fast. The sound is very good! I was a little worried. Listening and enjoying so far.
Thank you so much. Your software is very wonderful. Thanks so much again. The sound is much much better with Fidelizer. Much more open and clearer. Your software clearly and definitely improves recording quality. A lot. Your software is superb even with someone like me installing it. It sounds so much better than my regular computer. Hi Keetakawee, All I can say is wow, I am in audio heaven.
I cannot believe the difference between the free version and the Pro version, it is simply amazing, thank you so much for making Fidelizer Pro work so well. You are a genius. I wish you a long life and happiness. Regards Kevin Knight.
My feeling is a clearer sound and a more precise scene construction. Yes I tried it and it sounds great. Made the sound very clear and detailed. Also took out some of the bass so I had to add more bass on the amplifier. It was strange. But I like it that way. I set it up with the Network Render profile. The first results are very good altough I need to do some finetuning no easy access to the NAS at the moment.
I will let you know. I already hear increased focus and better placement compared to the free version which was an improvement already. Unbelieveable this is possible by managing priorities in the os. You must be really knowing what you are doing…. I had heard of a few optimizer programs designed to improve computer audio sound, but I was sceptical. After looking around on the web I found an interesting product called Fidelizer.
I decided to give it a try for several reasons; it had good reviews, the creator was very active in support of his product, and there was a free version. It sat on my Windows 10 computer while I attended to other things. However this happy state of affairs did not last long enough to make any conclusions about Fidelizer. The Air program and Windows 10 stopped working together after a Win 10 update and I could get no music to play via Air over Ethernet.
Troubles with Air are common among Devialet owners. So I grudgingly went to the inferior sounding USB input. Quite a drop in sound quality in my setup. So my audiophile wife, yes such creatures do exist, and I got comfortable in our Audio room for what we assumed would be a protracted listening session to notice any differences with Fidelizer. Kuhn Keetakawee, the creator of Fidelizer, had suggested I use the maximum setting of Fidelizer free which is called Purist.
Yes, I got a personal email from the creator of Fidelizer in using the free version. That is rare! Ok all set, and we listened to three familiar tracks without Fidelizer. Nice, but not as good as over Ethernet with the infuriating Air application. Maybe ten seconds into the tract my wife and I are staring at each other in joyous disbelief. My wife says, what happened it sounds great. Yes it was a very big jump in sound quality in our system.
I explained to my wife that this was the free version and there were two more powerful versions with promised improvement at each step. We came to following conclusions regarding Fidelizer, we ordered the maximally Fidelized Nimitra music server, and my wife renamed the product for us as the Fabulizer.
Even to the extend of going to device manager and disabling any hardware that is not essential reducing processor IRQ. All works well! My system with JRiver began to sound bladeturn and clean. All the best! Whoaw what a huge improvement! It runs very smooth in audiophile mode.
Thanks for answer me quickly, yes bouth disc run in the same machine. The sound was great, but now is even better. Congratulations for your app. Again, thanks a lot. I installed Fidelizer Pro and run the set up without any problem. Looking at the various levels of optimization, that gave me the idea that while I need to keep access to my local network , I could disable the access to the Internet and turn off some security features that uses a significant amount of resources.
Should you have any advice for a better choice, please let me know! Allow me to thank you for the continued improvement of excellent sound. Especially the last two Fidelizer versions 7. You do so much work in 7. You are on right high-way. The sound is fantastic. Hi all, 1st, Im new to this forum, 2nd Happy Birthday Keetakawee. Windows 10 pro, JRiver, jRemote for control. Musically, this program version 7.
I have a system which brings so much detail out in the music that I cannot believe it. I only listened to one CD with the free version and heard what it was capable of, so purchased the pro version.
So I cannot compare between the two. The end results is I would never go back, this program is the missing link for music. Program being used is Kodi. So far , I can say that it introduces more timbral finesse , a sound stage more organized and deeper, in relation to the , already good, fidelizer free.
I am very impressed with yours software. Albergo Meglio , on the road to Arpino, occur the beautiful Falls of the Liris. The cascade tumbles in a mass of water, encircled by smaller streams, from beneath an old castle, almost into the midst of the town.
The colour is glorious, and the iris more vivid than at Temi. Between it and Sora, on an island Insula Arpinas in the Fibreno, and close to its junction with the Liris, stands the convent of S. This island belonged first to Cicero, and then to SiUus Italicus. Through the trees overhanging the waters are exquisite mountain-views ; and among the vegetation lie fragments and capitals of columns.
The Roman bridge across the Liris, Ponte di Cicerone, remains. Arpino, ft. Albergo della Pace , the birthplace of Cicero, bears for its municipal banner the letters M. He constantly alludes to his native town and describes the people there as rustic and simple, and with all the virtues of rugged mountaineers. It stands upon two hills ; one summit, the higher one, called Civita- Vecchia, occupies the ancient site of Volscian Arpinum, and retains its polygonal walls.
The inscriptions let into the walls of various buildings tell of the ancient industry of woollen manu- facture and dyeing. Mercurius Lanarius had a temple here supposed to have occupied the site of the Church of Sta. Maria di Civita.
The ancient pavement hard by witnesses to the wheels of primitive waggons. The round towers along the walls are of the fifteenth century. The large square tower in the citadel was occupied by Ladislaus, King of Naples, on his way to Rome, Arce, below the old castle of Rocca d'Arce, commands wonderful views. It occupies the site of Arx Volsciorum, with polygonal walls and other remains.
Atina, on the road from Sora to Cassino, is a mediaeval hill- town. Near it, on another point of the mountain, are the polygonal remains of its Volscian predecessor, reputed to have been founded by Saturn : " Atina potens," and it is mentioned as a snowy spot by Silius Italicus : " Monte nivoso I,. Elia, is never to be forgotten. The village of Rocca Secca, three miles from the line, is not inviting, and sits on its bare flank of mountain, with little visible means of subsistence.
Above it are the ruins of the castle in which Thomas Aquinas it is said by some saw the light. A few miles further we reach Aquino, ft. Strabo speaks of it as chief among the Volscian cities. Dolabella was put to death here. The town was de- stroyed by the Lombards, whereupon the inhabitants took refuge at Castro Cielo, on the top of the mountain. Thence after a tims they descended to Palazzuolo, where their descendants probably exist stiU.
The circuit of ancient Aquinum is now filled with vineyards and gardens, amid which gigantic fragments of ruin appear at intervals. The desolate suburban Church of S. Maria Libera is approached by an immense flight of marble steps, once the approach to a temple. The walls are encrusted with fragments of ancient carving. Glorious friezes of acanthus in the highest relief surround the great door. A mosaic of the twelfth century represents the Virgin and Child, and below, on either side, is a sarcophagus, with a female head projecting from it, one in- scribed " Ottolina," the other " Maria.
Thomas Aquinas. The interior of the church was curious, having six pillars on one side of the nave and only three on the other ; since ignorant mania for uniformity has destroyed its interest. Close to the church is a beautiful httle Triumphal Arch, with Corinthian columns.
A mill-stream has been diverted through it, and it stands reflected in the clear water, which falls below it in a series of miniature cascades. Passing a succession of Roman fragments, we reach the ruined Church of S.
Tommaso, in which are several beautiful fragments of frieze from local temples. Lorenzo, a Roman gateway in perfect preservation, by which we enter the circuit of the ancient city, passing through the still existing hne of old walls.
Farther down the Via Latina is a succession of buildings in ruins — a theatre ; some colossal blocks, shown as having belonged to a temple of Diana, and now called S. Maria Madda- lena ; and a huge mass of wall, beheved to have belonged to a temple of Ceres, afterwards converted into the beisihca of S.
Pietro Vetere. AH the ruins are embedded in vineyards and gardens. Returning through the Arco S. Lorenzo, and follow- ing the little stream in the valley, we find a strange old church supported upon open arches, through which there occur most picturesque views of the present town, scrambling along the edge of tufa rocks, crested and overhung by fig-trees.
The mediasval city, which arose under the powerful Counts of Aquino, is the oldest bishopric in the Roman Church. Its bishops sign ecclesiastical documents immediately after the archbishops, and the whole cathedral chapter of Aquino have stiU the right to wear mitres and full episcopal robes. His grandfather married the sister of the Emperor Frederick L, and he was therefore great-nephew of that prince. It has been the custom to say he was born at Rocca Secca, which, however, was never more than a mere " fortezza " of the Counts of Aquino, but never used by them as a residence ; and all uncertainty has been cleared up by the recent discovery of a letter of the saint in the archives of Monte Cassino, sajdng that he was coming to seek the blessing of the Abbot Bernard before setting out upon a journey, and that he intended to visit his birthplace at Aquino on the way.
Here the youngest sister of S. Thomas was killed by a flash of lightning, while sleeping in the room with him and her nurse. At five j'ears S. Thomas was sent to school at Monte Cassino, but at twelve his masters declared themselves unable to teach him any more.
Domenico at Naples. His mother, the Countess Teodora, tried to prevent his taking the final vows, and he fled from her toward Paris. Here his mother met him, and finding her entreaties vain, shut him up, and allowed him to see no one but his two sisters, whose exhortations she hoped would bend him to her will. On the contrary, he converted his sisters, and, after two years' imprisonment, one of them let him down from a window, and he was received by some Dominicans, and pro- nounced the final vows.
Gradually S. Thomas became the greatest theological teacher and writer of his time. When he refused a bishopric, the Pope made him always attend his person, and thus his lectures were given in the different towns of papal residence — Rome, Viterbo, Orvieto, Fondi, and Perugia.
The crowning work of S. Thomas was the Summa Theologia — the science of the Christian religion ; but to ordinary readers he is perhaps less known by his theology than by his hymns, of which " Pange Lingua" and " Tantum Ergo " are the most celebrated.
Near Aquino is the mountain castle of Loreto, which belonged to the parents of S. It was while they were staying there that he, a boy, stole all the contents of the family larder to distribute to the poor. The legend tells that, when his father intercepted him, and commanded him to give up what his cloak contained, a shower of roses fell from it to the ground. Three miles beyond Aquino, the road which passes under the Arco S. Lorenzo reaches Pontecorvo, once an independent state like Monaco.
Napoleon gave it as a duchy to Bernadotte. The town is well situated, and is approached by a triumphal arch, adorned with a statue of Pius IX. The cathedral stands on the substructions of an ancient temple. The costumes here are magnificent. On the left of the railway, the great convent of Monte Cassino is seen crowning a rocky hill-top above the plain of the Garig- liano, and the fine old castle of Rocca Janula occurs over- looking Cassino.
Inn, Albergo Varrone, clean and reasonable. From the station to the Abbey and back for two persons, 4 lire. Cassino 10, inhabitants occupies the site of the Roman Casinum, which Strabo describes as the last town of Latium on the Latin Way. Livy tells how Hannibal intended occupying it in order to prevent the Consul Fabius from advancing on Campania, but was led by a mistake of his guide to Casilinum.
Silius Italicus mentions its springs and its foggy climate. Casi- num continued to flourish under the empire, but was destroyed by the Lombards in the sixth century. Its former name of S. Germano was derived from a holy bisliop of Capua, a contem- porary and friend of S. Half a mile from the town, just above the high-road from S. The interior is a field and the seats are gone.
Just above stands the little Church of the Crodfisso, occupying an ancient tomb, which is shown as that of NunnidiaQuadratiUa.
It is cruciform witli a dome in the centre, recalling the tomb of Galla Placidia at Ravenna. The blocks of travertine in the entrance walls are colossal. At the head of the steps in front of the church is a sacrificial altar. Immediately beneath cire the vast remains of the seminary of Monte Cassino, occupying the site of the historic convent Plumbariola. Near the town, on the banks of the Fiiime Rapido, are some ruins, supposed to belong to the Villa of Varro, of which Cicero has left a detailed description.
It was here that Antony indulged in those orgies against which the great orator poured forth his perilous eloquence. The CoUegiata of S. Germano was built by the Abbot GisuLfo in the ninth centurj', and, though greatly altered in the seventeenth century, retains its twelve ancient marble columns. Donkeys 2 hre may be obtained for the ascent ft. The steep stony path which used to wind above the roofs of the houses is superseded. Instead there is a fine zigzag road, leaving to the right the ruins of the castle of Rocca Janula, twice besieged and taken by Frederick II.
The views are indescribably beautiful, and small oratories here and there by the wayside offer shelter from wind and sun, and commemorate the Benedictine story.
First we have that of S. Placidus, the favourite disciple of the patriarch ; then that of S. Scholastica, his beloved sister ; then a triple-chapel, where one of the Benedictine miracles occurred. Beyond these, a cross marks the final meeting-place of Benedict and Scholastica. It is not known that the twin sister of S. At her last interview with her brother on this spot, after they had passed the day together in rehgious exercises, Scholastica implored Benedict to remain with her till the morning, that they might praise God through the night, but the saint refused, saying that it was impossible for him to be absent from his convent.
Then Scholastica bent over her clasped hands and prayed ; and, though the weather was beautiful, and there was not a cloud in the sky, the rain began immediately to fall in such torrents, accompanied by thunder and lightning of such a terrific kind, that neither Benedict nor the brethren who were with him could leave the place where they were. Gregory the Great, who tells the storj', says that one must not be surprised that the wish 12 SOUTHERN ITALY of the sister was heard by God rather than that of the brother, because, of the two, the sister was the one who loved Him the most, and with God the one who loves the most is always the most powerful.
As we draw nearer the convent, ft. In front of it a grating covers the mark of a knee which is said to have been left in the rock by S.
Benedict when he knelt there to ask a blessing before laying the foundation- stone of his convent. Benedict came hither from Subiaco, when he had already been thirty-six years a monk, led through the windings of the Apennines, says the tradition, alternately by two angels and two ravens, until he reached this spur of the mountain above Casinum, which had then already been ruined by Genseric. Not strange to say, the inhabitants of this wild district in the sixth century of Christianity were still pagan, and worshipped Apollo in a temple on the top of the mountain, where also was a grove sacred to Venus.
Dante writes in allusion to this — " Quel monte, a cui Cassino e nella costa, Fu frequentato gia in sua la ciraa Dalla gente ingaruiata e mal disposta.
Ed io son quel che su vi portai prima Lo nome di colui clie'n terra addusse La verita, che tanto ci sublima ; E tanta grazia sovra me rilusse, Ch'io ritrassi le ville circostanti Dall' empio culto che'l mondo sedusse.
We enter the abbey by a great gate guarded by two lions, and ascend a low vaulted staircase, the only portion of the building ascribed to the time of Benedict. On the right a lamp burns before an old marble statue of the founder ; at the top Benedict and Scholastica kneel before the Virgin and Child. Here the peasants of the neighbourhood in their wonderful costumes — some almost Egyptian -looking — assemble to receive the dole of the convent, or bring up provisions.
We are shown into a large bare chamber by a lay-brother who then goes to signify our arrival to the Prior. The latter presently advances to receive us, and in excellent English demands how long our stay will be : " Is it for three days, three months, or three years?
It is in- scribed : Fornicem saxis asperum ac depressum tantae moll's aditum angustum ne mireris, hospes, angusiitm fecit patriarchae sanctiias : venerare potius et sospes ingredere. Above the gate is a square tower modernised externally , of which the lower portion at least is ancient.
It contains two chambers inscribed : Pars inferior tiirris, in qua S. Benedichis dum viverct habitabat ; and, V etustissimtim habitaculum in quo SStni patri- archae discipuli quiescebant. This then occupies the position of the cell where S. Lex tunc exiNit, mentes quae ducit ab imis, Et vulgata dedit lumen par climata saecli. The room in the upper part of the tower is shown as that in which Benedict saw in a vision the death of the bishop S.
Ger- mano. Here also, only trwo days after his last and miraculously prolonged interview with her, he saw the soul of his sister Scho- lastica ascending as a dove to heaven, and becoming thus aware of her death and translation " was filled with joy, and his grati- tude flowed forth in hymns and praises to God. The brother only survived the sister for forty days, days spent in the most austere observance of his own monastic rule.
Feeling his end approaching, he bade the monks to carry him to the oratory of S. John Baptist, where he caused the tomb of his sister to be opened. Resting by its side, at the foot of the adtar, he received the viaticum, and then, extending his hands to heaven, he died in the arms of his companions, March 21, , at the very hour which, according to the legend, he had foretold.
Benedict was laid by Scholastica, " so that death might not divide those whose souls had been united in God. Open arcades, on either side, display other courts, now used as gardens, where, amid the flowers, are preserved many portions of the granite pillars from the church which the Abbot Desiderius, afterwards Pope Victor III.
Colossal statues of Benedict and Scholastica guard the ascent to the upper quad- rangle, " II Paradiso," which is centred by a well. Near the entrance of the church are the parents of Benedict, of Placidus, and of Maurus. The Uving raven which hops about here, and which is quite a feature of the monastery, commemorates the birds which miraculously guided the patriarch hither from Subiaco. Ttie rich deep voices of the monks rose softly in vespers, and the olive-trees seemed to quiver with the blending harmonies.
What a vision of loveliness was there! The silvery world was now still, as in a heavenly trance. The nearly full moon was enthroned above the mountains, that dreamed like enchanted giants. Far down in the vale the rapid rivers were screened with spellbound vapours. Long before the sun arose the ridges lost their intense pallor and gradually blushed into mysterious carmine as of spilled roses, while their lower ranges and their foot-hills loomed out weirdly in shades of plum-like purple.
Later the morning- star faded, and feeling slowly for his new dominion the sun poured his great arms of gold over peak and promontory, and at last again enfolded the shrine of S. The existing church was built after in the form of a Latin cross.
It is of the most extreme magnificence — and rivals S. Martino at Naples in the richness and ostentation of its marbles. The doors have plates of the original bronze gates of the church of Desiderius, inlaid with silver letters containing a list of all the possessions of the abbey in , when they were made at Constantinople.
The roof of the nave is painted by Luca Giordano, and by the same painter is a great fresco over the doors, depicting the consecration of the first basilica by Alexander II.
The stalls of the choir are splendid specimens of Renaissance carving : in the centre of each is a Benedictine saint. Here hang four pictures by Solimcna. In the left transept is the tomb of Pietro de' Medici, who was drowned in the Garigliano, December 27, , by the overcrowding and sinking of a boat, in which he was taking flight after the defeat of the French by Gonsalvo da Cordova.
The bas-reliefs are by Sangallo. In the opposite transept is the tomb of Guidone Fieramosca, last Prince of Mignano. In the side chapels are several works of Marco Mazzaroppi, the best representing S. Gregory the Great, and the Martyrdom of S. Beneath the high altar, and surrounded by a chain of lamps, repose Benedict and Scholastica, with these words only over their grave, " Benedictum et Scholasticam, Uno in terris partu editos, Una in Deuin pictate coelo redditos, Unus hie excipit tumulus Mortalis deposit!
In the sacristy a number of magnificent old copes are preserved. Here are a curious old brazier and a stone lavatory. The services are four daily. The refectory contains an immense picture by Francesco and Leandro Bassano. In the upper part, Christ is represented performing the Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes; in the lower, S. Benedict is distributing the symbolical bread of the Benedictine rule.
The Library, built in the sixteenth century, by the Abbot Squarcialupi, contains about 20, volumes. Its origin mounts up to the foundation of the abbey, for S. Benedict mentions it in one of the rules of his Order. Eight hundred original diplomas remain, containing the charters and privileges accorded to the abbey by popes, emperors, and kings. The collection of Lombard charters deserves especial notice on account of the miniatures placed at the head of each, a contemporary portrait-gallery rudely executed, but at least interesting, as displaying the costume of the time.
The earUest charter, bearing date , is of a Prince of Beneventum, and begins — " Ajo Dei providentia Lx ngobardorum gentis princeps. Amongst the MSS. Most of the pictures at Mont Cassino were stolen to form the gallery at Naples. A few sketches, by old masters, which remain, are collected in the cell of S. It requires more than a passing visit to Monte Cassiuo in order reaUy to appreciate it.
The views are such as grow upon one daily, and are full of interest. The highest peak is Monte Cairo, near the foot of which is the patriarchal fortress of the family of S. Through the valley winds the Garigiiano. In the plain between it and the sea the great battle was gained by Gonsalvo da Cordova, from Pietro de' Medici, who was drowned in crossing the GarigUano, and to whom his uncle, Clement VII.
Between the mountains the Mediterranean may be descried, gUttering in the Bay of Gaeta. The services which Jlonte Cassino has rendered to Uterature have exempted it from the entire confiscation which has fallen upon other religious houses in Southern Italy since its incorpora- tion in the kingdom.
But the monks have a bare subsistence allowed them, and times are indeed changed since the Abbot of Monte Cassino, " Abbas Abbatum," was the first baron of the kingdom of Naples, administrator of a diocese created composed of 37 parishes ; while amongst the dependencies of the abbey were 4 bishoprics, 2 principahties, 20 countships, castles, towns and villages, manors, 23 seaports, 33 islands, mills, tracts of land, and churches.
Its revenues at the end of the sixteenth century were valued at , ducats. The abbot is bishop during his spiritual rule, which is hmited to six years, after which he becomes a simple monk again, only retaining the right of wearing the abbatial cross, and of precedence in rehgious ceremonies. The town, several miles to the right, at the foot of Rocca Monfina, ft. It has stabling for a hundred horses. In the cloister of a suppressed convent is the efhgy of Marino Marziano, Duke of Sessa, who married a sister of Ferdinand I.
He was seized and im- prisoned in the dungeons of the Castel Nuovo at Naples, where he died, some say was strangled. The mineral springs of Teano had a very early celebrity and are mentioned by Pliny. The chalybeate spring, called Acqua delle Canterelle, is the source of the Savone, stigmatised by Statius as " piger," or lazy.
There is an exquisitely beautiful view toward the sea and islands from the neighbourhood of Teano. Sparanise miles from Rome. Hence there is the line toGaeta. The cathedral is dedicated to its first bishop, S. Traversing the plain of the Volturno, and crossing the river, we reach — Capua Inn, Lo:anda della Posta , a walled city 15, inhabi- tants , founded , by Count Lando and his brothers, on the site of the ancient Casilinum, which so stoutly resisted Hannibal.
The Duomo is approached by a quadrangular court surrounded by twenty ancient columns. The interior eleventh century is a three-aisled basilica. Its twenty-four granite columns have newly gilt capitals. The black marble font is supported on lions. At the third altar on the right is a Madonna, between SS. Stephen and Lucy, of , by Antoniazzo. The Norman crjrpt has twenty-two ancient columns, and contains a sarcophagus with a relief of the Hunt of Meleager, and a Holy Sepulchre by Botti- glieri.
Until recent times the Archbishop of Capua was one of the greatest ecclesiastical dignitaries in Italy. In the Piazza de' Giudici is the modern Arch of S. Eligio, and many inscriptions. In front of the Church of S. Eligio are two ancient columns. The Torre Mignana still exists, to which the women fled when male inhabitants of Capua were massacred during the sack of the town by Caesar Borgia in The Cappella de' Morti, outside the town, is the place where mass was said for their souls.
The Museo Campano contains many objects of interest, especially statues in tufo. There are also some portrait-corbels from the Castello of Frederick II. Maxia di Capua or S. Five years later it was taken by the Romans, who degraded it to the position of a third-rate provincial town ; but it rose again to prosperity under the Caesars, and continued to flourish till the invasion of Genseric, from which time it fell into ruin, being totally destroyed by the Saracens in a.
Of late years S. Maria has had a revival, chiefly owing to a small trade in leather. The magnificent ruins of the Amphitheatre on the road to modern Capua, carriage thither i lira : entrance 50 c. The measurements, by ft. It was from the gladiatorial schools of Capua that Spartacus broke out with seventy companions in 73 B.
Not far distant are the remains of a Triumphal Arch, crossing the road. The Mens Tifata ft. Maria, turning right beyond the amphitheatre , is S. Angelo in Formis , a very interesting church, which is mentioned in records of the tenth, and is adorned with remarkable Byzantinesque frescoes of the eleventh century, illustrating entire sacred history.
In the apse is seen the enthroned Saviour. The name in Formis is derived from the remains of an ancient aqueduct in the neighbour- hood.
The railway proceeds through the richly planted Terra di Lavoro, level, and intersected with lines of poplars, with vines festooning from tree to tree, to — Caserta 19, inhabitants , ft. In its vastness and desolation it recalls the Escurial. It was considered by Valery and others to be the noblest con- ception of a palace in Europe. It forms a rectangle. Its fa9ade is ft. It depends on no accessories, nor tricks of the picturesque ; it challenges inspection near or remote ; it demands an immense plain and solitude.
To visit the interior a permesso obtained either here, or at the Palazzo Reale at Naples is demanded custode i lira, sacristan of chapel 25 c. The apartments have the usual mixture of splendour and gloom, which is the characteristic of great palaces, but here the gloom predominates, and the sove- reigns seem to have thought so, for they have scarcely ever inhabited Caserta. The columns of the theatre were plundered rom the temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli. The chapel contains a Presentation in the Temple by Mengs.
The stairs are formed of single blocks of the marble of Trapani, in Sicily, called LumacheUa, and at each landing are lions exquisitely sculptured, with numerous statues of allegorical figures. The sides are of the finest marbles, among which you see the choicest breccias of Dragoni, and the marbles of Vitulano in Principato Ulteriore.
There are twenty-four Ionic pillars adorning the centre of the vestibule made of the red breccia of Mous Garganus in Apulia, and sixteen of the portico are of the yellow breccia of the same mountain.
The Gardens open to the public till Ave Maria , which trench upon the mountains, are of three kinds ; the Italian garden with its waterfalls and mythological statues ; the wood of the ancient Dukes of Caserta, which formed the feudal park ; and the English garden of Queen Caroline, with its greenhouses, cedars, tulip-trees, and magnolias. The magnificent waterworks are supplied by a winding aqueduct twenty-one miles in length called Ponte Maddaloni, which brings the water from the foot of Monte Taburno, near Airola.
Chacun d'eux des lors qu'il fut parfait, sentait deja son antique quant a la beaute. In the basins are kept gigantic bull-trout. The largest of the springs which supply the aqueduct is called Fizzo, the more abundant Fontana della Duca. Above Caserta is the little Palace of S.
Leucio or Belvidere, with a pretty park, and an ilex forest full of game is beyond it. It is worth while to make an excursion from Caserta into the beautiful district of the Matese.
The road crosses the Volturno to Cajazzo 8 miles , a considerable town with a large castle of the Florentine Corsi, which perhaps occupies the site of Calatia. A tomb near the high-road is shown as that of A. Attilius Calatinus, a general distinguished in the First Punic War, whose epitaph is given by Cicero. The road again crosses the Volturno before reaching 11 miles Alife, on the site of AUifae of the Samnites, of which there are considerable remains.
The walls AVERSA 19 form a rectangular parallelogram with gates in tlie centre of each side protected by bastions, and the lower portions of the walls are ancient. Two miles farther is Piedimonte, in a pictur- esque situation at the foot of the Matese, with a fine castle of the Dukes of Lorenzano. In the neighbouring Val d 'Inferno is the source of the Torano beneath a low natural arch.
Piedi- monte is the best point for the ascent of the Matese, of which the highest peak, Monte Mileto is ft. In the plain at the summit is a lake, said to be fathomless in the centre. Maddaloni 20, inhabitants is a clean town with balustrades and orange groves, and the ruins of three feudal castles on the hill above it. The brother of a Caraffa Duke of Maddaloni fell a victim during the Masaniello Revolution, and his carriage was used by Masaniello's wife and mother when they paid their first visit of ceremony to the vice-queen.
The palace of dukes is now a college. Maddaloni is the best point from whence to make an excursion in search of the disputed site of the Caudine Forks Furculae Caudinae , which some place between S. Agata dei Goti cind Airola, a narrow tract watered by the brook Isclero, which fadls into the Voltumo a romantic little valley quite incapable of containing the 30, men of the Roman army ; and for which others indicate a vaUey three miles wide, which is entered close to Arienzo.
Here, when the Roman army, on its march from Calatia to Luceria, had entered, it is said that they found the passage of exit filled up by stones and trunks of trees. Return- ing, they found their retreat blockaded in the same way, and, after being pent up for two days, were obhged to submit to the conditions of the Samnites, and stripped, scourged, and insulted, were let out one by one, being made to pass under a yoke to mark their disgrace.
Cancello mUes , at the foot of a castle-crowned hill, whence the line to Xola diverges on the left, and another is being made to Benevento.
Purple-grey Vesuvius is seen on the left before reaching Naples. Aversa, 23, inhabitants Albergo dell' Aurora can be best reached from Naples by electric tramway.
It was the earliest settlement made by the Normans in Italy Here, while spending the hot months out of Naples at a royal castle, Andrew, the wretched Hungarian husband of Queen Joan I. Prince Louis of Taranto.
The object of the King of Hungary was to punish Naples for the murder : but he was unable to produce proofs of the queen's alleged complicity. All was com- phcated by the fact that the kingdom of Naples was then a vassal to the Holy See, which favoured the anti-Hungarian circle at Naples.
Here, also, in January , King Louis of Hungary arraigned and executed Duke Charles of Durazzo, his cousin, and Joan's brother-in-law, on the same spot where Andrew had been murdered. The execution, however, was universally condemned, and it is believed that the duke was not a party to the murder. He had no trial. Parker's, good in all resjjects. Pension Britannique, in the same situation, inferior, but convenient for solitary persons spending some time at Naples.
Edeti Hotel, with garden. Hotel Washington, good, and esteemed healthy, but lackinj; outlook. Hotels d'Amerique, De la Ville, on the Chiaja, clean and comfortable. Hotel de Londres, Piazza del Municipio. In all these hotels rooms free from smells and with a free circulation of air before the windows should be chosen back rooms should be avoided.
Persons especially liable to fever should visit the sights of the town from the Hotel Quisisana at Castellamare, or the Hotel d'Angleterre near Pozzuoli, unless they can obtain good sunny, airy rooms at Naples in a healthy situation. Lodgings may easily be found in Rione Principe Amadeo with good views : lire monthly.
Carriages in the town. With two horses, the course i Ura 20 c, night i lira 50 c. These prices hold good to and from the railway station, or for any distance within the barriers ; each box is 30 c. The porters at the railway station may charge 25 c. Carriages to the Neighbourhood. Cook and Son, 52 Piazza dei Martin.
Steamship Offices. Cycles and Motor-cars are to be hired at Casati and Co. Symons, Riviera di Chiaja. Atkinson, 61 Via Medina ; Dr. Kessel, 19 Piazza dci Martiri. Sea baths at Bagnoli and Temie. Bnglish Church. Presbyterian, 2 Via Cappella Vecchia. American Consulate. Byington, 4 Piazza Municipio first floor. British Consulate. Turner, 64 Strada S. Museo Nazionale, open from 9 to 4, entrance i lira ; free on Sundays and Thurs- days from 9 to Direttore degli Scavi del Regno, at the museum, must be asked for a ticket to draw at Pompeii.
The Churches are almost aU closed after midday, except the cathedral, and before that time are often inconveniently crowded for sightseeing. They are oppressive from the scarcity of ventilation and the fumes of incense, which, however, is most desirable in this country, being in itself a relic of paganism.
An Artist will seek his work rather at Baiae and Cumae or on the islands than at Naples. But the lover of architectural subjects may find them in S. Giovanni a Carbonara, the ambulatory of S. Lorenzo, and the cloisters of Monte Oliveto. Naples N. But Athenian colonists came later and built a city close by toward the Sebeto, which they called Neapolis, after which the western and older part of the town was known as Palaeopolis, until B.
As a Roman municipal town, Neapolis continued to flourish, retaining, however, its Greek culture and institutions. Under the empire, the beauty and salubrity of the neighbour- hood made it the favourite summer resort of the Roman aristo- cracy, and it formed a perpetual theme of the Latin poets. After suffering sieges from Belisarius and Totila, Naples became a dependency of the Exarchate of Ravenna, under a duke ap- pointed by the Eastern Emperors, but, at length, throwing off their yoke, it established a republican government which lasted for years under the nominal sovereignty of a duke.
Roger de Hauteville taking it in 1 , founded the kingdom of Naples.
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